0000 Massacre 00 castle 00 studied 00 dictatorial 0000

Castle .. Place of the massacre

After the departure of the French campaign in Egypt (11216 e = 1801), Egypt dominated the state of chaos and turmoil, as a result of the conflict Mamlukes governance and self-division, some seek to control the country's government and access to power with support from England, which has been growing sense of the importance of Egypt, feared a return to the French influence, and, therefore, has to take root in Egypt, and the holders of power from the loyalists; sought to support the range of the Mamelukes and help them to access to power.

The other team was the view that independence could Governing without the help of any external forces, by creating a kind of coordination between the coalition and some of the forces of the Mamelukes with common interests, goals and convergent.

The forces of popular and national leaders

The other force has emerged in Egypt, not less powerful and influential of the Mamluks, who began to collapse and vulnerability forces weaken; the result of the conflict, including the ongoing conspiracies.

Started new force - a grass-roots leadership in the form of scientists, religious leaders and traders - increasingly expanding their impact and influence with the weakness of the Mamelukes, and the force produced national leaders and Asilah tried to contribute in guiding the nation's serious, and her removal from the stand, and their advancement in the face of threats, both at home or abroad.

I felt that grass-roots and national leaders need the country to rally around a strong personality to take charge of all matters in the country, leading the march of life.

And found that leadership in a Bgitha Ottoman garrison officers, as predicted by the capacity and competence to govern Egypt, and that the officer is "Muhammad Ali", which turned around so that the grass-roots leadership decree issued his to Egypt (12 Safar 1220 e = 12 May 1805).

These leaders sought to install the rule of Muhammad Ali of Egypt, Faqadoa campaign fund-raising and fund-raising necessary to pay the salary arrears of soldiers who began the rebellion apply them, as was the leadership of such an important role in maintaining it and automatically to the country despite attempts to "high section," transferred from Egypt.

English in Rashid

The national leaders of that coalition is a group of people around with Muhammad Ali the greatest impact on the military campaign to defeat the English, which included about four thousand troops near the "rational", in (18 Muharram 1222 e = 29 March 1807), which came to support some elements of the Mamluks and allow them access to power in Egypt to be a draw for them.

Muhammad Ali and felt the gravity of the Mamelukes, and the threat to the security and stability of the country; to work away from the Cairo and track them down in front, so he could be subject to his level, and things have stabilized and shown some of the Mamelukes, who had fled to the level of obedience and loyalty, allowing them to return to Cairo, but they have been plotting and plotting schemes to get rid of it.

Become a power in Egypt, however, Mohammed Ali, has ruled the country has stabilized, but it began to be concerned about the escalation of the influence of public leadership, and national leadership, which was the cause of his arrival to power, and automatically chosen and the country, began trying to get rid of them for fear of exclusivity after the Governing strength in a war that drains the Mamelukes, Mohammed Ali and sought to drive leadership in the form of popular religious leaders, and then denied Mr. "Omar Makram," outside of Cairo in the year [1224 e = 1809], and was able to reduce the influence of elders, and the limits of their role in public life.

Muhammad Ali, and conspiracies Mamlukes

In spite of attempts by Muhammad Ali trying to get rid of the centers of power in the state represented by the leaders of the Mamelukes, he had been suffering from their plots and Gdarham, and all indications are that the Mamelukes will cooperate with the British.

At the beginning of the month (Muharram 1226 e = January 1811) Muhammad Ali traveled to Suez, to inspect the work that was taking place in the port, but not soon be returned to Cairo on (10 Muharram 1226 e = February 1811) after the news and its relevance to control mutually suspicious messages between Mmalik Cairo, and their colleagues in the Upper Egypt.

In the meantime, the Ottoman Sultan sent to him, "Mahmoud," asking him to send his troops to find help in the elimination of the Wahhabi revolution, and then decided to Muhammad Ali on the Elimination of the Mamelukes before the army led by his son, "Toson" to "find"; Ithoroa not even after the departure of the army against .

Muhammad Ali in his Council
On the festival
Muhammad Ali in his Council

Prepared, "Muhammad Ali" festival luxury castle called for their own leaders, and all the princes and Bakoat KASHAF Mamelukes, Vlby Mamlukes such a call, and foe evidence satisfied them, and before the start of the ceremony came to Bakoat Mamlukes Muhammad Ali Vtlqahm hospitality, and invited them to coffee with him, and thanked them for the answer call, and suggested to get the honor of his son if he walked in the procession, Muhammad Ali and he chatted with them Etjazb; In order to impress upon them the security and affection.

It is the date of the movement of the convoy, Venhd Mamluks and Muhammad Ali exchanged greetings, and joined the procession, and behind the lead group of riders at the forefront of the procession, after which it was to the police and the governor of the city, and a constellation of soldiers Alornawod, and the Mamelukes, and then another group of soldiers Alornawod, On the track of the guests and senior statesmen.

And the movement of the convoy to leave the castle, Fassar in the narrow road towards the "single," When the vanguard of the procession passed the door and the Governor of the police and the governor, suddenly closed the door from the outside in the face of the Mamelukes, and Alornawod behind the soldiers, and soldiers quickly turned off the road, and climbed the rocks on both sides, and started Mamlukes charge a barrage of bullets, the Mamelukes and the surprise was, including disorder, chaos, and tried to flee, but the rifles Thsdhm soldiers everywhere, of whom survived the slaughter had been shot in cold blood.

And fell dead Amadrgen Mamluks in their blood, even the courtyard of the castle filled with dead bodies, no survivors of the seventy-stranded Mamluks, who entered the fort in the morning of that day, only one called "the you" was in the back rows, and was able to jump Bjawadh over the castle wall, and then fled to the Levant.

Chaos reigns city

The news of the massacre to the crowd in the streets to watch the procession fledged panic them, and divide the people, and closed shops and markets, and everyone rushed to their homes and the streets were empty of pedestrians and roads.

Soon groups of soldiers deployed in parts of the Cairo Alornawod Evtkon thrown from each of the Mamluks and their followers, and raiding homes Vinhabon up to them, and rape their women, and over the murder and robbery to the neighboring houses.

And many killings, and continued looting and chaos reigned three days, killing about a thousand five hundred Mamelukes and the looting of a home, did not stop the looting, however, after Muhammad Ali took to the streets of the city, and was able to control the soldiers and the discipline .. Thus, Muhammad Ali was able to monopolize power, but opposition remains.

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