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Sign ancient castle
There Zoroaster the Great Central Desert in the south of Iran is that ancient city, "Bam" and the castle, which is the oldest castle in the world, with the recent earthquake was able to write a document executed, as if on a date with destiny; to end the story of the jewel of the jewels of human heritage of those tragic end.

December earthquake have been destroyed (2003) the city and the castle of a thousand miles southeast of the capital Tehran .. Shocks and was able to destroy the castle of Bam one of the most important features of the Iranian cultural heritage and global steadfast for more than two thousand years in the face of time.

"Bam," the historical city

The city is a fine example of pre-Islamic Persian architecture, and that half of the mud-brick buildings, where they were constructed in the Middle Ages, during the reign of the family of the Safavid Iran (1501 - 1736) formed the city of Bam, an area of 6 km, surrounded by fence, and the number of inhabitants between 9: 13 thousand people, known as a center for the textile industry. As the city prospered thanks to its site for the pilgrims, and as a trade on the Silk Road, which links the Far East and Europe via Persia.

Bam's place and after the invasion of Afghanistan in 1722, and was used as a location for the Afghan military garrison, the city continued until the military Kzqnp 1932.

With the beginning of the twentieth century, the city's place because of the negligence of the Silk Road with the development of means of transport between the east and west; which led to the exodus of most of its population is only some artisans and vendors of commemorative pieces .. But the city remained one of the most important features of the human heritage, and one of the most important shrines and the famous tourist destination for Iranians and foreigners, and in recent years, the city regained some of its status with the arrival of tourists and lovers of history after the restoration of the city.

But much has not been giving the city until all regain its historical position, where the earthquake around the rubble and ruins, leaving only a little, no longer be covered for the people and visitors, only a bit of crying Otalalha.

The oldest castle in the world .. Of mud and clay

And on the outskirts of the city stands the castle, "Bam" for more than two thousand years, is the oldest building in the world, was built of mud, clay and palm trunks and mud-brick, the castle and return to the era of Albarthein (from 250 BC. M to 422 m), have been over the history of invasion and the siege, yet destroyed and rebuilt several times, most recently in the Safavid dynasty, but some buildings belonging to the tenth century atheist and XII were still in place before the earthquake hit, where there were fortresses and towers and a mosque and bath and public stables.

Citadel of Bam Dhubulg along the 300 meters and supply of 200 meters, and an area of 60 thousand square meters, consisting of five roles are based from the brick, built the castle on a rocky promontory at 60 meters high, which is like a palace of the European Middle Ages, but in contrast to the European-built buildings of stone the historic citadel was built of mud as we have.

The castle towers above the top of each other is a distance of 40 meters, and built almost 500 years ago, and also includes the building called "the separation of Shahar", which means the four seasons, where he was composed of four rooms, each room where a chapter in the year, and building Another so-called "house masters," and Bannaouan was devoted to military and police commanders, and continued until the beginning of the twentieth century.

The four walls surrounding the castle in the southern part, the first wall 18 meters high, which aims to protect people from thieves and, in general, the purpose of building the fort was to protect the city against any aggression.

Has been portrayed by the castle scene from the movie "Sahara, Tatars," which was produced in 1976 the Italian director Valerio Zorlini, and league and Jacques Perrin, Vittorio Gassman, Philippe Noiret, Jean-Louis Trintignant, film and the story is taken from Italian writer Dino Botzzati "desert Tatar" El Desierto de los Tartaros and written by in the mid-forties of the last century, and the events taking place in the heart of an isolated fort in the desert, not a savage Ttoha never made.

UNESCO repairs .. Destroyed by the earthquake

Citadel of Bam and the importance of organization of Education, Science and Culture of the United Nations (UNESCO) that the castle is a world heritage, and conducted many of the repairs in the castle over the years, the Iranian government in 1953 began in the allocation of a number of engineers and historians to restore the old part of the city to attract thousands of tourists to it, and recently developed a broad program to restore the city of Bam, but the wind was not hit the bends with vessels of the great earthquake (6.3 on the Richter scale) equal to the Bam region of earth.

The architect commented, "God's grace, Daman Koch" - and who was working on the restoration of Bam Citadel the last ten years within the framework of the UNESCO for the protection of ancient city - "the most beautiful World Heritage sites, all the Iranians in the world Kalkthrein feel sadness and grief for the loss of this heritage for humanity the entire disaster .. it can not take dimensions, was the Iranian history, I have come to Bam to help people, but I do not see this, however, the rubble and dust. "

The number of engineers, technicians and guards of Iran and Al-Daman working in the restoration of the castle, but the few who survived, while others buried under rubble and debris.

Weeping over the ruins

Not far away from the city of Bam, but the debris, and this is reason to sympathize with the residents of the city's population who are above the shock, their faces, and they sleep on the ground next to the extinct strongholds after their homes were destroyed, and have only tears and anguish of the destruction and the dead ..

Says one of the people of the city: "I do not know what to say? .. I arrived two months ago with my wife to this wonderful region, we wish to rebuild what has been demolished, but that seems a dream!"

Another one: "we have nothing left but to leave the city, which lost its soul."

While the Governor commented on the city Shafi said: "It must be built the city from the beginning."

There is no doubt that these words clearly reflect the Good of the magnitude of the disaster and the enormity of the loss that befell the city and castle, leaving only a few ruins remain to witness what was left of that great history.

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